I love wearing my throwback jersey’s, especially those from the Negro baseball leagues. These jerseys symbolize so many things: pain, suffering, success, fun. But most importantly they represent hard work that the individuals who wore them endured so that other African American players could achieve the American Dream: baseball, hot dogs, apple pie, and Escalade’s!? I wonder how my now 2-year-old daughter will feel about wearing the throwback jersey of the greatest player to ever play the game of baseball, Barry Bonds. Despite his success in this sport, his name and his records have been tainted with the accusations and stench of steroid use and his athletic prowess has come in to question. The “clear and the cream”, substances given to Bonds by his personal trainer who failed to inform him of what they contained, where actually illegal substances used to enhance performance. But why is this steroid thing such a big deal? Why is the home run record that Bonds now holds in question?
Simply stated, steroids are illegal, potentially harmful, banned in most professional sports and college, and is considered cheating. Among athletes on the elite level, some feel that if you are not using steroids, then you are not trying hard enough. Steroids can build muscle and increase an athlete’s speed and strength. That has been proven. The problem is that penalties are placed on athletes found to be using them and if used for long periods of time the side effects can be embarrassing and potentially life threatening. In women, the side effects of steroids include facial and body hair growth, male pattern baldness, deepening of the voice, reduced breast size and menstrual problems. In men, reduced sperm count, impotence, breast growth, and decreased testicle size have all been documented. All individuals who use steroids are at risk for high blood pressure, strokes, high cholesterol, nausea, sleep disturbances, acne, increased aggressiveness, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression. Some of these side effects like the breast development in men and voice changes in women are irreversible. It amazes me that I get continue to get request from athletes in my private practice for steroids.
Hip-hop has had its bout with accusations of steroid use. LL Cool J was rumored to have used steroids to transforms his body into that of a Greek god. He has denied using steroids as well as plastic surgery to improve his physique in his book LL Cool J’s Platinum Workout.
Whether it is to win at any and all cost or to look good and ripped in a shirts, success and vanity out weigh life and longevity in the psyche of steroid users; that is until something bad happens like being banned from your sport, having a heart attack, or not able to “get it up” when the time is right.
The road to success in sports is hard and education on proper nutrition, exercise, and rest is of the utmost importance. Commitment to the sport on all levels is the only way to be successful. Is Barry Bonds guilty; unfortunately some believe he is, despite being the greatest player to ever play the game of baseball. My advice to him and any young athlete is to never take or rub something on your body without knowing exactly what it is that you are taking or rubbing on you. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com/.
Wednesday, October 24, 2007
Tuesday, October 23, 2007
Depression and Hip Hop: Are they related?
Images of strength have dominated hip-hop since its inception in the early 1970’s. MC’s often professed superiority over other MC’s with lyrical wizardry and dominance on the microphone. Weakness was not an option, especially outward signs of weakness. However, when it comes to saving your life or the life of someone you love, we have to admit that hip hop artist and those who love hip hop are at risk for one of the most common medical problems seen in the doctors office: Depression. Not that hip-hop itself has any direct relationship to this disease, but you must realize that no one is exempt and we must all be aware of the signs and symptoms of this treatable disease.
The untimely death of hip-hop DJ David “Disco D” Shayman is only a testament to this issue. I never met Disco D and I don’t know all the circumstances surrounding his death, but one thing I can tell you is that depression, left untreated, can lead to loss days of work, destruction of families, and in its worse form, SUICIDE! The old saying that suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem is very true. Once a person commits suicide, the opportunity to resolve issues and make amends is gone. Disco D will be missed, and I’m sure he would want those who loved his music to learn more about this problem. So, lets define depression, its signs and symptoms, and options for treatment.
Depression or a depressive disorder is a disease that affects the entire body. It is by no means a sign of weakness and does not have to be prompted by the death of a loved one, divorce, or losing your job, although these situations can be a factor. Depression is an extreme form of sadness that a person cannot pull himself out of or resolve easily with out help. There are several types of depression including major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. We will focus on major depression. Symptoms of major depression include problems sleeping (insomnia or oversleeping), loss of interest in things one normally does, feelings of guilt, decreased energy, decreased concentration, changes in appetite (not eating at all or overeating), decreased sex drive, and thoughts of suicide. If you have a family history of depression, this also increases your risk of getting the disease. These symptoms usually have to be present consistently for more than two weeks.
In general, women experience depression about twice as often as men, however, men with depression are 4 times more likely to commit suicide than women. There are also studies that show there may be an increased risk of heart disease in both men and women who are depressed.
Once the diagnosis is made, treatment must begin immediately! There are medical problems that can cause depression, such as thyroid disorders and viral infections, but once they are ruled out, the usual course of treatment includes consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist, medications, and group or one-on-one therapy. Do not let depression take you out of the game. If you or someone you love is exhibiting any of the above signs or symptoms, seek help right away! It could very well save your life. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com.
The untimely death of hip-hop DJ David “Disco D” Shayman is only a testament to this issue. I never met Disco D and I don’t know all the circumstances surrounding his death, but one thing I can tell you is that depression, left untreated, can lead to loss days of work, destruction of families, and in its worse form, SUICIDE! The old saying that suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem is very true. Once a person commits suicide, the opportunity to resolve issues and make amends is gone. Disco D will be missed, and I’m sure he would want those who loved his music to learn more about this problem. So, lets define depression, its signs and symptoms, and options for treatment.
Depression or a depressive disorder is a disease that affects the entire body. It is by no means a sign of weakness and does not have to be prompted by the death of a loved one, divorce, or losing your job, although these situations can be a factor. Depression is an extreme form of sadness that a person cannot pull himself out of or resolve easily with out help. There are several types of depression including major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. We will focus on major depression. Symptoms of major depression include problems sleeping (insomnia or oversleeping), loss of interest in things one normally does, feelings of guilt, decreased energy, decreased concentration, changes in appetite (not eating at all or overeating), decreased sex drive, and thoughts of suicide. If you have a family history of depression, this also increases your risk of getting the disease. These symptoms usually have to be present consistently for more than two weeks.
In general, women experience depression about twice as often as men, however, men with depression are 4 times more likely to commit suicide than women. There are also studies that show there may be an increased risk of heart disease in both men and women who are depressed.
Once the diagnosis is made, treatment must begin immediately! There are medical problems that can cause depression, such as thyroid disorders and viral infections, but once they are ruled out, the usual course of treatment includes consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist, medications, and group or one-on-one therapy. Do not let depression take you out of the game. If you or someone you love is exhibiting any of the above signs or symptoms, seek help right away! It could very well save your life. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com.
Monday, October 22, 2007
HIV/AIDS: An Epidemic in the African-American Community
When the media announced that Eric “Easy E” Wright had full blown AIDS in 1995, I grab my Straight Outta Compton CD and head nodded for a few. Four years prior to his announcement, Magic Johnson shocked the world with a similar message… “I have the HIV virus…” It hit me like a rock as my best images of Magic and Eazy E came from the times when they where young and hungry for success. I believed that only gay men got the disease, not realizing that a second cousin moved to California after being diagnosed with an unknown illness and died a lonely death. HIV/AIDS was once thought to be a problem for gay white men only and was defined as the Gay Related Immunodefeciency Disease or GRID. However, ten days after being admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, a common complication of AIDS, Eazy E was dead. The HIV/AIDS epidemic was real and one of gangsta raps pioneers fell prey.
Today, African Americans are facing its greatest health challenge and the numbers reported by the Centers for Disease Control are staggering: African Americans make up only 13% of the United States population, yet we represent 50% of the cases of HIV/AIDS in this country; African American women are the fastest growing population of HIV positive people in the United States; and of the 1.2 million people in the US believed to be infected with HIV, 200-300,000 are unaware they are infected. In the month of October I personally diagnosed eight African American women of child bearing age with HIV- all but one, 25 years old or younger, was incarcerated. This unfortunately comes as no surprise when individuals like Elidor Kersaint (club promoter in Miami), Nikko Briteramos (former college basketball player), and Nushawn Williams (former drug dealer from Brooklyn) have knowingly spread the disease to women.
What was considered a gay white man’s disease has now become one of black and brown brothers and sisters. Debates continue on the origins of the HIV and the emphasis focuses on treatment, not prevention, immunization, or a cure. The bottom line is that the HIV, which is spread by blood and body fluids, is here!
Abstinence, wearing condoms, getting tested, dispelling the myths and educating ourselves about HIV are the only cure. Intravenous drug use (IVDA), promiscuity, men having sex with men (MSM), is the primary modes of infection among African Americans. The southern states have been hit the hardest and my hometown of Baton Rouge ranked number 6 in the country in AIDS cases followed by New Orleans. In 2005, Miami had the highest rates of new AIDS diagnoses in this country. Hip-hop has made several attempts to raise and help eradicate this illness from our communities. When hip-hop was “founded” in the early 1970’s, it was the result of crime and violence that brought about the movement to positively change things. “Coochie Bang” by Queen Latifah and “Go See the Doctor” by Kool Moo Dee, although not specifically addressing HIV, did address condom usage and sexually transmitted diseases. But as you know, the culture has evolved, the game has changed, and the call to do things not necessarily hip-hop is upon us. Rappers, MC’s, and DJ’s have been summoned to speak on politics, injustice, and health. "Hip-hop as a culture is getting a lot of backlash right now for its lyrics, for its public image, and the people are crying out for more responsibility," said KRS-One at the 2007 BET Hip Hop Awards. I applaud Common and Ludacris in their recent efforts to bring more awareness to the issue of HIV/AIDS. We need more of a collaborative effort, however, and I support KRS One for pulling MC’s together to “stop the violence”, but we need some love on the medical battlefield. The messages must be consistent and reinforced on and off the stage. The use of hip-hop as a tool for empowerment has been proven. Lets us use it to educate about health issues as well.
For more information on HIV visit http://www.blackaids.org/. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com.
Today, African Americans are facing its greatest health challenge and the numbers reported by the Centers for Disease Control are staggering: African Americans make up only 13% of the United States population, yet we represent 50% of the cases of HIV/AIDS in this country; African American women are the fastest growing population of HIV positive people in the United States; and of the 1.2 million people in the US believed to be infected with HIV, 200-300,000 are unaware they are infected. In the month of October I personally diagnosed eight African American women of child bearing age with HIV- all but one, 25 years old or younger, was incarcerated. This unfortunately comes as no surprise when individuals like Elidor Kersaint (club promoter in Miami), Nikko Briteramos (former college basketball player), and Nushawn Williams (former drug dealer from Brooklyn) have knowingly spread the disease to women.
What was considered a gay white man’s disease has now become one of black and brown brothers and sisters. Debates continue on the origins of the HIV and the emphasis focuses on treatment, not prevention, immunization, or a cure. The bottom line is that the HIV, which is spread by blood and body fluids, is here!
Abstinence, wearing condoms, getting tested, dispelling the myths and educating ourselves about HIV are the only cure. Intravenous drug use (IVDA), promiscuity, men having sex with men (MSM), is the primary modes of infection among African Americans. The southern states have been hit the hardest and my hometown of Baton Rouge ranked number 6 in the country in AIDS cases followed by New Orleans. In 2005, Miami had the highest rates of new AIDS diagnoses in this country. Hip-hop has made several attempts to raise and help eradicate this illness from our communities. When hip-hop was “founded” in the early 1970’s, it was the result of crime and violence that brought about the movement to positively change things. “Coochie Bang” by Queen Latifah and “Go See the Doctor” by Kool Moo Dee, although not specifically addressing HIV, did address condom usage and sexually transmitted diseases. But as you know, the culture has evolved, the game has changed, and the call to do things not necessarily hip-hop is upon us. Rappers, MC’s, and DJ’s have been summoned to speak on politics, injustice, and health. "Hip-hop as a culture is getting a lot of backlash right now for its lyrics, for its public image, and the people are crying out for more responsibility," said KRS-One at the 2007 BET Hip Hop Awards. I applaud Common and Ludacris in their recent efforts to bring more awareness to the issue of HIV/AIDS. We need more of a collaborative effort, however, and I support KRS One for pulling MC’s together to “stop the violence”, but we need some love on the medical battlefield. The messages must be consistent and reinforced on and off the stage. The use of hip-hop as a tool for empowerment has been proven. Lets us use it to educate about health issues as well.
For more information on HIV visit http://www.blackaids.org/. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com.
Sexual Enhancement
In the pursuit of sexual success and fertility, the moon, and everything under it, has been touted as an aphrodisiac by some person or culture. Love potion peddlers stop at nothing to sell their sexual wares. "I'll make you the same promise that my wife made to me," says Theodore Maximillian in the provocative brochure for his "Maxim" product. "I'm going to cure your impotence immediately!" Maxim "acts as a potent aphrodisiac," according to the advertisement.
An aphrodisiac is a food, drink, drug, scent, or device that, promoters claim, can arouse or increase sexual desire, or libido. A broader definition includes products that improve sexual performance. Named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, the list of supposed sexual stimulants includes anchovies and adrenaline, licorice and lard, scallops and Spanish fly, and hundreds of other items.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, the reputed sexual effects of so-called aphrodisiacs are based in folklore, not fact. In 1989, the agency declared that there is no scientific proof that any over-the-counter aphrodisiacs work to treat sexual dysfunction.
Countering Cultural Views
FDA's findings clash with a 5,000-year tradition of pursuing sexual betterment through use of plants, drugs and magic. Despite FDA's determination that OTC aphrodisiacs are ineffective--and sometimes even dangerous--people continue the optimistic quest for drug-induced sexual success.
Several principles help demystify some cultural views about aphrodisiacs. Sometimes the reason for an item's legendary reputation is obvious. It's easy to imagine how the sex organs of animals such as goats and rabbits, known for their procreativeness, have achieved their esteemed status as love aids in some cultures.
Chilies, curries, and other spicy foods have been viewed as aphrodisiacs because their physiological effects--a raised heart rate and sometimes sweating--are similar to the physical reactions experienced during sex. And some foods were glorified as aphrodisiacs based on their rarity and mystery. While chocolate was once considered the ultimate aphrodisiac, the reputation wore off as it became commonly available.
Many ancient peoples believed in the so-called "law of similarity," reasoning that an object resembling genitalia may possess sexual powers. Ginseng, rhinoceros horn, and oysters are three classical examples.
The word ginseng means "man root," and the plant's reputation as an aphrodisiac probably arises from its marked similarity to the human body. Ginseng has been looked on as an invigorating and rejuvenating agent for centuries in China, Tibet, Korea, Indochina, and India. The root may have a mild stimulant action, like coffee. There have been some experiments reporting a sexual response in animals treated with ginseng, but there is no evidence that ginseng has an effect on human sexuality.
The similarity of the shape of the rhinoceros horn to the penis is credited for its worldwide reputation as a libido enhancer. The horn contains significant amounts of calcium and phosphorus. The addition of the food to a deficient diet could improve general physical vigor and possibly lead to an increased sexual interest. But in most Americans' diets, which are usually not lacking calcium or phosphorus, the small quantities usually consumed would not affect physical performance.
Because Aphrodite was said to be born from the sea, many types of seafood have reputations as aphrodisiacs. Oysters are particularly esteemed as sex aids, possibly gaining their reputation at a time when their contribution of zinc to the nutritionally deficient diets of the day could improve overall health and so lead to an increased sex drive.
Shortage of Studies
There is no proof that ginseng, rhinoceros horn, or oysters have an effect on human sexual reaction. But might some foods and OTC drugs eventually be proven to affect sexual appetite? Some big obstacles exist to answering this question. The placebo effect is one scientific stumbling block.
"The mind is the most potent aphrodisiac there is," says John Renner, founder of the Consumer Health Information Research Institute (CHIRI). "It's very difficult to evaluate something someone is taking because if you tell them it's an aphrodisiac, the hope of a certain response might actually lead to an additional sexual reaction."
Because the psychological complications are absent in animals, some studies have been done on the effect of certain drugs on animals' sexual activity. One substance that was tested extensively in animals is yohimbine. Obtained from the bark of an African tree, yohimbine has been used for centuries in Africa and West India for its supposed aphrodisiac properties. It supposedly works by stimulating the nerve centers in the spine that control erection. FDA called the res ults of preliminary animal studies "encouraging," but animal studies cannot be relied on to show the effectiveness of the drug in humans.
In people, the only available evidence is anecdotal and subjective. To scientifically measure sexual stimulation, a valid human study would have to be performed in the laboratory, comparing a placebo (an inert pill with no active ingredients) to the test aphrodisiac. Preferably, neither the researchers nor the patients would know who was getting the test substance. Because of cultural taboos, few such studies have been undertaken.
A second obstacle to obtaining proof of aphrodisiac effects is that some drugs may not actually have specific sexual effects, but may change a person's mood and therefore seem to be an aphrodisiac. For example, alcohol has been called a "social lubricant." People drink for many reasons, including to relax, reduce anxiety, gain self-confidence, and overcome depression. Because sexual problems can be caused or worsened by psychological stress, moderate drinking might seem like a sexual enhancer. In fact, it merely lessens inhibitions.
Alcohol is actually a depressant, and so, as the porter in Shakespeare's Macbeth observed, it "provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance." And drinking too much actually decreases desire.
No Quick Fix
Despite the lack of scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness, the fraudulent OTC love potion industry thrives to this day. Marketers use a "blatant snake-oil approach," according to CHIRI's Renner. He estimates that the aphrodisiac sellers, who do much of their business by mail-order, take in revenues in the hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
The FDA sends warning letters to companies that make aphrodisiac claims, stating that the agency may take further regulatory action if the violations continue. "In the health fraud area, when they get a warning letter, most people take their profits and run," says Joel Aronson, director of FDA's division of nontraditional drugs. "They don't want to get into a legal battle with the agency becau se it could involve protracted, expensive litigation."
Aphrodisiac experimentation isn't just a rip-off--it can be deadly. Spanish fly, or cantharides, is probably the most legendary aphrodisiac--and the most dangerous. Made from dried beetle remains, the reported sexual excitement from Spanish fly comes from the irritation to the urogenital tract and a resultant rush of blood to the sex organs. But Spanish fly is a poison that burns the mouth and throat and can lead to genitourinary infections, scarring of the urethra, and even death.
To avoid being taken for their money or their lives, individuals with sexual problems should seek a physician's advice. A lack of sexual energy or ability in men or women could be caused by something as simple as stress or a medication one is taking, or as serious as an underlying condition like diabetes or high blood pressure.
A doctor can diagnose a sexual problem and recommend treatment. If necessary, a doctor can prescribe a drug to treat sexual dysfunction. Testosterone replacement therapy is one prescription option for men whose natural testosterone level is not within the normal range, but its serious potential side effects cal l for a physician's supervision. For those with an impotence problem that isn't caused by low testosterone levels, the new "Caverject" injection may be the answer.
"People will continue to have false hopes of finding easy ways of resolving their problems," says Aronson. And so the hunt for the elusive love drug persists. A universal aphrodisiac may never be found, but experts agree that what's good for your overall health is probably good for your sex life too.
A good diet and a regular exercise program are a more dependable path to better sex than are goats' eyes, deer sperm, and frogs' legs. A good mental state is equally important.
Maybe the wishful search for a cure-all drug should be abandoned in favor of an easier, more reliable mechanism: the erotic stimulation of one's own imagination. To quote renowned sex expert "Dr. Ruth" Westheimer, Ed.D.: "The most important sex organ lies between the ears."
Tamar Nordenberg is a lawyer with the Office of the Director in FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.
First Impotence Drug
For the 10 million to 20 million American men who suffer from impotence, the Food and Drug Administration's July 6, 1995, approval of Upjohn Company's prescription drug Caverject (alprostadil) may prove to be life-altering. Caverject is the first prescription drug approved for impotence, and is expected to successfully treat 70 to 80 percent of patients.
The drug provides an alternative to devices previously approved by FDA. A vacuum device involves placing a cylinder-like device and attached pump over the penis. By using the pump, blood is drawn into the penis, creating an erection. A constriction band is then placed at the base of the penis to maintain erection. A second treatment option, the penile implant, involves the surgical placement of cylinders in the penis and is available in a variety of designs. (See "Inflatable Penile Implants Under Scrutiny" in the January-February 1994 FDA Consumer.)
FDA approved Caverject to treat impotence caused by neurological, vascular or psychological dysfunction. While psychological factors such as anxiety and depression can lead to sexual dysfunction, more than 85 percent of impotence cases have a physical cause, according to the Impotence Institute of America. A complete physical examination is important so that any underlying condition can be diagnosed and treated. Some common causes of impotence are diabetes, arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and high blood pressure. Also, impotence has reportedly been caused by 16 of the 200 most commonly prescribed drugs, including drugs for high blood pressure, heart disease, and depression.
Caverject is self-injected into the penis shortly before sexual intercourse. The drug creates an erection by relaxing the smooth muscle tissue and dilating the major artery in the penis, which enhances the blood flow to the penis.
The drug's most common side effect is penile pain. Other side effects include bleeding at the injection site and an unhealthy, prolonged erection of four to six hours. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com/
An aphrodisiac is a food, drink, drug, scent, or device that, promoters claim, can arouse or increase sexual desire, or libido. A broader definition includes products that improve sexual performance. Named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, the list of supposed sexual stimulants includes anchovies and adrenaline, licorice and lard, scallops and Spanish fly, and hundreds of other items.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, the reputed sexual effects of so-called aphrodisiacs are based in folklore, not fact. In 1989, the agency declared that there is no scientific proof that any over-the-counter aphrodisiacs work to treat sexual dysfunction.
Countering Cultural Views
FDA's findings clash with a 5,000-year tradition of pursuing sexual betterment through use of plants, drugs and magic. Despite FDA's determination that OTC aphrodisiacs are ineffective--and sometimes even dangerous--people continue the optimistic quest for drug-induced sexual success.
Several principles help demystify some cultural views about aphrodisiacs. Sometimes the reason for an item's legendary reputation is obvious. It's easy to imagine how the sex organs of animals such as goats and rabbits, known for their procreativeness, have achieved their esteemed status as love aids in some cultures.
Chilies, curries, and other spicy foods have been viewed as aphrodisiacs because their physiological effects--a raised heart rate and sometimes sweating--are similar to the physical reactions experienced during sex. And some foods were glorified as aphrodisiacs based on their rarity and mystery. While chocolate was once considered the ultimate aphrodisiac, the reputation wore off as it became commonly available.
Many ancient peoples believed in the so-called "law of similarity," reasoning that an object resembling genitalia may possess sexual powers. Ginseng, rhinoceros horn, and oysters are three classical examples.
The word ginseng means "man root," and the plant's reputation as an aphrodisiac probably arises from its marked similarity to the human body. Ginseng has been looked on as an invigorating and rejuvenating agent for centuries in China, Tibet, Korea, Indochina, and India. The root may have a mild stimulant action, like coffee. There have been some experiments reporting a sexual response in animals treated with ginseng, but there is no evidence that ginseng has an effect on human sexuality.
The similarity of the shape of the rhinoceros horn to the penis is credited for its worldwide reputation as a libido enhancer. The horn contains significant amounts of calcium and phosphorus. The addition of the food to a deficient diet could improve general physical vigor and possibly lead to an increased sexual interest. But in most Americans' diets, which are usually not lacking calcium or phosphorus, the small quantities usually consumed would not affect physical performance.
Because Aphrodite was said to be born from the sea, many types of seafood have reputations as aphrodisiacs. Oysters are particularly esteemed as sex aids, possibly gaining their reputation at a time when their contribution of zinc to the nutritionally deficient diets of the day could improve overall health and so lead to an increased sex drive.
Shortage of Studies
There is no proof that ginseng, rhinoceros horn, or oysters have an effect on human sexual reaction. But might some foods and OTC drugs eventually be proven to affect sexual appetite? Some big obstacles exist to answering this question. The placebo effect is one scientific stumbling block.
"The mind is the most potent aphrodisiac there is," says John Renner, founder of the Consumer Health Information Research Institute (CHIRI). "It's very difficult to evaluate something someone is taking because if you tell them it's an aphrodisiac, the hope of a certain response might actually lead to an additional sexual reaction."
Because the psychological complications are absent in animals, some studies have been done on the effect of certain drugs on animals' sexual activity. One substance that was tested extensively in animals is yohimbine. Obtained from the bark of an African tree, yohimbine has been used for centuries in Africa and West India for its supposed aphrodisiac properties. It supposedly works by stimulating the nerve centers in the spine that control erection. FDA called the res ults of preliminary animal studies "encouraging," but animal studies cannot be relied on to show the effectiveness of the drug in humans.
In people, the only available evidence is anecdotal and subjective. To scientifically measure sexual stimulation, a valid human study would have to be performed in the laboratory, comparing a placebo (an inert pill with no active ingredients) to the test aphrodisiac. Preferably, neither the researchers nor the patients would know who was getting the test substance. Because of cultural taboos, few such studies have been undertaken.
A second obstacle to obtaining proof of aphrodisiac effects is that some drugs may not actually have specific sexual effects, but may change a person's mood and therefore seem to be an aphrodisiac. For example, alcohol has been called a "social lubricant." People drink for many reasons, including to relax, reduce anxiety, gain self-confidence, and overcome depression. Because sexual problems can be caused or worsened by psychological stress, moderate drinking might seem like a sexual enhancer. In fact, it merely lessens inhibitions.
Alcohol is actually a depressant, and so, as the porter in Shakespeare's Macbeth observed, it "provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance." And drinking too much actually decreases desire.
No Quick Fix
Despite the lack of scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness, the fraudulent OTC love potion industry thrives to this day. Marketers use a "blatant snake-oil approach," according to CHIRI's Renner. He estimates that the aphrodisiac sellers, who do much of their business by mail-order, take in revenues in the hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
The FDA sends warning letters to companies that make aphrodisiac claims, stating that the agency may take further regulatory action if the violations continue. "In the health fraud area, when they get a warning letter, most people take their profits and run," says Joel Aronson, director of FDA's division of nontraditional drugs. "They don't want to get into a legal battle with the agency becau se it could involve protracted, expensive litigation."
Aphrodisiac experimentation isn't just a rip-off--it can be deadly. Spanish fly, or cantharides, is probably the most legendary aphrodisiac--and the most dangerous. Made from dried beetle remains, the reported sexual excitement from Spanish fly comes from the irritation to the urogenital tract and a resultant rush of blood to the sex organs. But Spanish fly is a poison that burns the mouth and throat and can lead to genitourinary infections, scarring of the urethra, and even death.
To avoid being taken for their money or their lives, individuals with sexual problems should seek a physician's advice. A lack of sexual energy or ability in men or women could be caused by something as simple as stress or a medication one is taking, or as serious as an underlying condition like diabetes or high blood pressure.
A doctor can diagnose a sexual problem and recommend treatment. If necessary, a doctor can prescribe a drug to treat sexual dysfunction. Testosterone replacement therapy is one prescription option for men whose natural testosterone level is not within the normal range, but its serious potential side effects cal l for a physician's supervision. For those with an impotence problem that isn't caused by low testosterone levels, the new "Caverject" injection may be the answer.
"People will continue to have false hopes of finding easy ways of resolving their problems," says Aronson. And so the hunt for the elusive love drug persists. A universal aphrodisiac may never be found, but experts agree that what's good for your overall health is probably good for your sex life too.
A good diet and a regular exercise program are a more dependable path to better sex than are goats' eyes, deer sperm, and frogs' legs. A good mental state is equally important.
Maybe the wishful search for a cure-all drug should be abandoned in favor of an easier, more reliable mechanism: the erotic stimulation of one's own imagination. To quote renowned sex expert "Dr. Ruth" Westheimer, Ed.D.: "The most important sex organ lies between the ears."
Tamar Nordenberg is a lawyer with the Office of the Director in FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.
First Impotence Drug
For the 10 million to 20 million American men who suffer from impotence, the Food and Drug Administration's July 6, 1995, approval of Upjohn Company's prescription drug Caverject (alprostadil) may prove to be life-altering. Caverject is the first prescription drug approved for impotence, and is expected to successfully treat 70 to 80 percent of patients.
The drug provides an alternative to devices previously approved by FDA. A vacuum device involves placing a cylinder-like device and attached pump over the penis. By using the pump, blood is drawn into the penis, creating an erection. A constriction band is then placed at the base of the penis to maintain erection. A second treatment option, the penile implant, involves the surgical placement of cylinders in the penis and is available in a variety of designs. (See "Inflatable Penile Implants Under Scrutiny" in the January-February 1994 FDA Consumer.)
FDA approved Caverject to treat impotence caused by neurological, vascular or psychological dysfunction. While psychological factors such as anxiety and depression can lead to sexual dysfunction, more than 85 percent of impotence cases have a physical cause, according to the Impotence Institute of America. A complete physical examination is important so that any underlying condition can be diagnosed and treated. Some common causes of impotence are diabetes, arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and high blood pressure. Also, impotence has reportedly been caused by 16 of the 200 most commonly prescribed drugs, including drugs for high blood pressure, heart disease, and depression.
Caverject is self-injected into the penis shortly before sexual intercourse. The drug creates an erection by relaxing the smooth muscle tissue and dilating the major artery in the penis, which enhances the blood flow to the penis.
The drug's most common side effect is penile pain. Other side effects include bleeding at the injection site and an unhealthy, prolonged erection of four to six hours. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://allhiphop.com/
Steroids: Just Don’t Do It!
At 38 years of age I continue to exercise regularly despite a very busy schedule. While traveling for business, and rarely on vacation, the search for hotels with gyms and nearby training facilities is at the top of my list. I have a very competitive spirit and love to win especially when it comes to sports. What a great accomplishment it would be if I where victorious at the 2008 USA Track and Field Masters 400 meter run I am currently training for? I would do anything to win that race…well just about anything.
Modern sports and the media’s obsession with fame, fortune and the “win at any cost” attitude have created an environment for the abuse of the controlled substances called steroids. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the correct name for this class of drugs and many athletes are using them in professional sports today. These substances, once only used by the elite, have spilled over in to mainstream America as we now see weekend warriors and non-athletes using steroids for cosmetic purposes, i.e. weight loss and increased muscle mass. The questions I’m often asked are why people use these illegal and banned substances, what are the benefits of use, and what are the side effects?
AAS are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. The ability for steroids to build muscle and strength is the anabolic effect of the drug, while the development of MALE secondary sexual characteristics, like the pitch of someone’s voice and the pattern of body hair describe the androgenic effect of the drugs. The reported benefits of AAS include: improving athletic performance, increased muscle mass, weight gain, weight loss, faster recovery time from fatigue and injury, and increased speed and endurance. Pills, creams, and needles have been substituted for hard work, nutrition, and adequate rest as ways to gain the edge over the opponent.
In 1997, Sports Illustrated interviewed a group of elite Olympic athletes and one of the questions was: "If you were given a performance enhancing substance and you would not be caught and win, would you take it?” 98% of the athletes responded "Yes". The more chilling question was: "If you were given a performance enhancing substance and you would not be caught, win all competitions for 5 years, then die, would you take it?” More than 70% said, "Yes". Are these the messages we want for our youth?
The side effects of steroid use/abuse described in the medical literature include liver damage, kidney and liver tumors, high blood pressure, strokes, elevated cholesterol, mood disorders, acne, increased aggressiveness, nausea, sleep disturbance, increased body and facial hair, male pattern baldness, breast development in men, reduced sperm count, and decreased testicle size. The user who typically will take ten times or more the recommended medical dose and/or combine them with other substances, like human growth hormone, to enhance the effects of AAS, increases the potential for these health related problems. Furthermore, the integrity of these substances comes in to question as they are often purchased via the Internet, black market, or unregulated pharmacies.
The use of AAS is not only harmful, but it is illegal and considering cheating! We must teach young brothers to place more emphasis on participation and competition not merely winning. Hard work, proper nutrition, combined with hydration and rest are the keys to competitive success. I may not win my event in 2008, but I can promise you I will not use steroids to achieve success. My life and my family are much more important to me.
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield.
Modern sports and the media’s obsession with fame, fortune and the “win at any cost” attitude have created an environment for the abuse of the controlled substances called steroids. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the correct name for this class of drugs and many athletes are using them in professional sports today. These substances, once only used by the elite, have spilled over in to mainstream America as we now see weekend warriors and non-athletes using steroids for cosmetic purposes, i.e. weight loss and increased muscle mass. The questions I’m often asked are why people use these illegal and banned substances, what are the benefits of use, and what are the side effects?
AAS are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. The ability for steroids to build muscle and strength is the anabolic effect of the drug, while the development of MALE secondary sexual characteristics, like the pitch of someone’s voice and the pattern of body hair describe the androgenic effect of the drugs. The reported benefits of AAS include: improving athletic performance, increased muscle mass, weight gain, weight loss, faster recovery time from fatigue and injury, and increased speed and endurance. Pills, creams, and needles have been substituted for hard work, nutrition, and adequate rest as ways to gain the edge over the opponent.
In 1997, Sports Illustrated interviewed a group of elite Olympic athletes and one of the questions was: "If you were given a performance enhancing substance and you would not be caught and win, would you take it?” 98% of the athletes responded "Yes". The more chilling question was: "If you were given a performance enhancing substance and you would not be caught, win all competitions for 5 years, then die, would you take it?” More than 70% said, "Yes". Are these the messages we want for our youth?
The side effects of steroid use/abuse described in the medical literature include liver damage, kidney and liver tumors, high blood pressure, strokes, elevated cholesterol, mood disorders, acne, increased aggressiveness, nausea, sleep disturbance, increased body and facial hair, male pattern baldness, breast development in men, reduced sperm count, and decreased testicle size. The user who typically will take ten times or more the recommended medical dose and/or combine them with other substances, like human growth hormone, to enhance the effects of AAS, increases the potential for these health related problems. Furthermore, the integrity of these substances comes in to question as they are often purchased via the Internet, black market, or unregulated pharmacies.
The use of AAS is not only harmful, but it is illegal and considering cheating! We must teach young brothers to place more emphasis on participation and competition not merely winning. Hard work, proper nutrition, combined with hydration and rest are the keys to competitive success. I may not win my event in 2008, but I can promise you I will not use steroids to achieve success. My life and my family are much more important to me.
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield.
Wednesday, October 17, 2007
Crack Cocaine
Being affectionately known as “Tha Hip Hop Doc” by the younger generation is an honor and I wear that title with pride. However, “Thug Doc” or “Gangsta Doc” is two other names I am frequently called by the inmates at the East Baton Rouge Parish Prison. Believe it or not, these are terms of endearment and respect as I work at the prison everyday and see many of the inmates, mostly African American, at the two substance abuse clinics where I work as well. The majority of these individuals are African American men who live well below the poverty level and have long histories of substance abuse. The drug of choice for most of them is crack cocaine.
Cocaine is not new to the world as it has been around for hundreds of years. The leaves of the cocoa plant, from which cocaine is derived, where chewed like tobacco by tribes in South America to ease pain, stimulate or suppress appetite, and combat altitude sickness. It was noted by the tribesman that not only could they work longer but they also felt “happy” and euphoric. In the 1880s pure cocaine was used as a local anesthetic for nose, eye, and throat surgeries due to its abilities not only to provide anesthesia, but also to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding. And it is true that cocaine was one of several ingredients in the original Coca-Cola only to be removed in 1929 when the harmful side effects of the drug where noted. Some actually thought that cocaine would be the “miracle” drug of the future.
What was thought to be the wonder drug used in elixirs and tonics later became a drug of the rich and famous in the late 1970s. Snorting cocaine was considered to be in vogue and in some social circles were acceptable and fashionable. However, it wasn’t until the mid-1980s that crack cocaine emerged on to the scene. This cheap and relatively easy to make variant of powder cocaine got its name from the crackling sound it makes when it is heated and its vapors smoked. There was nothing in vogue about crack’s introduction to the United States and the initial impact was felt in poor African American communities.
The 2005 National Survey on Drug use and Health (NSDUH) stated that approximately 7.9 million Americans aged 12 or older reported trying crack cocaine at least once during their lifetimes. Adult’s ages 18 to 25 years old have a higher rate of cocaine use than those of other age groups and men have a higher rate of current crack cocaine use than do women. Crack cocaine has a strong correlation with HIV/AIDS, crime, incarceration, and homelessness. The question that I often ask the inmates and individuals in drug rehab is why? Why is this drug becoming an epidemic in our society?
If you only remember one concept from this article, remember that crack cocaine is highly addictive. There are two main forms of cocaine: the hydrochloride salt or powdered form which dissolves in water and can be injected into veins (intravenous use) or snorted (intranasal use); and the freebase form or crack which is when the compound has not been neutralized by an acid to make the hydrochloride salt. Because it is smoked, the user experiences a high in less than 10 seconds that causes an intense and immediate feeling of euphoria, which according to addicts, is indescribable. Crack is inexpensive to both produce and to buy making it the drug of choice for the poor. Even more alarming are the potential medical complications of crack cocaine abuse: high blood pressure, strokes, heart attacks, headaches, hallucinations, addiction, and even sudden death. Substance abuse, in general is linked to illness liked HIV because when one is under the influence of a drug they make poor decisions like having unprotected sex or using IV drugs.
Inpatient and outpatient substance abuse rehab are a must for individuals who have used crack cocaine. As a result of its highly addictive potential, long-term treatment that includes counseling and group therapy are paramount. We must also look at the laws and how individuals are prosecuted once convicted of cocaine use and ingestion. Crack cocaine, despite what some think, continues to be a big problem in our country. Effective drug policies need to be in place and support for the communities under attack by the drug lord are the only remedies for this problem. And in the words of the late Rick James: “Cocaine is a hell of a drug!”
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
Cocaine is not new to the world as it has been around for hundreds of years. The leaves of the cocoa plant, from which cocaine is derived, where chewed like tobacco by tribes in South America to ease pain, stimulate or suppress appetite, and combat altitude sickness. It was noted by the tribesman that not only could they work longer but they also felt “happy” and euphoric. In the 1880s pure cocaine was used as a local anesthetic for nose, eye, and throat surgeries due to its abilities not only to provide anesthesia, but also to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding. And it is true that cocaine was one of several ingredients in the original Coca-Cola only to be removed in 1929 when the harmful side effects of the drug where noted. Some actually thought that cocaine would be the “miracle” drug of the future.
What was thought to be the wonder drug used in elixirs and tonics later became a drug of the rich and famous in the late 1970s. Snorting cocaine was considered to be in vogue and in some social circles were acceptable and fashionable. However, it wasn’t until the mid-1980s that crack cocaine emerged on to the scene. This cheap and relatively easy to make variant of powder cocaine got its name from the crackling sound it makes when it is heated and its vapors smoked. There was nothing in vogue about crack’s introduction to the United States and the initial impact was felt in poor African American communities.
The 2005 National Survey on Drug use and Health (NSDUH) stated that approximately 7.9 million Americans aged 12 or older reported trying crack cocaine at least once during their lifetimes. Adult’s ages 18 to 25 years old have a higher rate of cocaine use than those of other age groups and men have a higher rate of current crack cocaine use than do women. Crack cocaine has a strong correlation with HIV/AIDS, crime, incarceration, and homelessness. The question that I often ask the inmates and individuals in drug rehab is why? Why is this drug becoming an epidemic in our society?
If you only remember one concept from this article, remember that crack cocaine is highly addictive. There are two main forms of cocaine: the hydrochloride salt or powdered form which dissolves in water and can be injected into veins (intravenous use) or snorted (intranasal use); and the freebase form or crack which is when the compound has not been neutralized by an acid to make the hydrochloride salt. Because it is smoked, the user experiences a high in less than 10 seconds that causes an intense and immediate feeling of euphoria, which according to addicts, is indescribable. Crack is inexpensive to both produce and to buy making it the drug of choice for the poor. Even more alarming are the potential medical complications of crack cocaine abuse: high blood pressure, strokes, heart attacks, headaches, hallucinations, addiction, and even sudden death. Substance abuse, in general is linked to illness liked HIV because when one is under the influence of a drug they make poor decisions like having unprotected sex or using IV drugs.
Inpatient and outpatient substance abuse rehab are a must for individuals who have used crack cocaine. As a result of its highly addictive potential, long-term treatment that includes counseling and group therapy are paramount. We must also look at the laws and how individuals are prosecuted once convicted of cocaine use and ingestion. Crack cocaine, despite what some think, continues to be a big problem in our country. Effective drug policies need to be in place and support for the communities under attack by the drug lord are the only remedies for this problem. And in the words of the late Rick James: “Cocaine is a hell of a drug!”
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published October 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
Thursday, September 27, 2007
P.H.A.T or Fat?
“Doc, I just don’t understand”, said Patient X, one of my long-time patients. “My blood pressure is okay, I’m taking my medicine as prescribed and my blood work is normal. Look at my weight. It’s almost the same as last visit. Did you check my thyroid? I think my hormones are all out of order. I need that weight loss pill. Those television potions that I spent hundreds of dollars on aren’t working to rid me of my cellulite and baby fat. My knees are aching, I get short of breath walking up and down the stairs. I snore all the time, and I’m always tired. I’m going to start exercising this week, I promise. Doc, can you help a sister out with some of those weight loss pills? I need to lose 30 pounds this month for my daughters wedding, class reunion, cruise… These guy where looking at me and said I was P.H.A.T.” Or did they mean fat?
“Patient X” has the same story each visit and despite being a regular and loyal client, taking charge of her life has taken a back burner to quick fixes for weight loss. She’s probably one of the nicest people I have ever met; however she seems to be in denial when it comes to her health and the hard cold facts. Her blood pressure was elevated at 130/85 (normal is 120/80 or less), her cholesterol and fasting blood sugar was also mildly elevated, and wrapped around her waist was an excess of fat that had increased by several inches over the last year creating a cute, but deadly “jiggle” as she walked. My patient, Patient X, has what we call the metabolic syndrome, which is a group of risk factors found in one person. The risk factors for the metabolic syndrome include an increased waist circumference, elevated cholesterol (specifically the triglycerides), a low HDL (the good cholesterol), elevated blood pressure (130/85 or greater), and an elevated fasting blood sugar (greater than 100 mg/dl). It is estimated that over 50 million Americans have the metabolic syndrome and one of the dominant underlying factors is abdominal obesity (excess fat around the stomach).
The disease obesity, which can be simply defined as excess in body fat, is not the same as being overweight. “A person who is overweight is running a definite health risk, but an obese person is loudly and insistently asking for trouble”, says Stacy Mitchell, M.D. co-author of Livin’ Large: African American Sisters Confront Obesity. Overweight and obesity are labels for ranges of weight that are greater that what is considered healthy for a given height. When discussing adults, the Body Mass Index or BMI determines overweight/obesity. In my practice, I consider the BMI a vital sign as it helps me to assess my patient’s risk for obesity and the diseases that come along with it. So by simply taking one’s height, weight, and waist circumference, not only can your doctor determine your BMI and risk for obesity, he/she can also gain some insight on your risk for heart disease, the number one killer of all Americans.
In the past 20 years there has been a significant increase in obesity in the United States and African American’s are under attack. Obesity does not discriminate as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that almost two-thirds of (64%) of all Americans are overweight; almost one-third are obese. Conservative estimates by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) show that 65% of African American women and 33% of African American men are overweight. Childhood obesity is on the rise and we are now seeing shocking increases in diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension in this previously active and healthy population. Overweight/obese individuals are at risk for developing many conditions including diabetes, heart disease, strokes, high blood pressure, arthritis, hypothyroidism, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, gall bladder problems, gout, cancer of the kidney, endometrium (lining of the uterus), breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, prostate and gall bladder; depression, anxiety, etc… Obesity is now considered the second most preventable cause of death in the United States, preceded only by smoking. Four hundred thousand deaths a year are estimated to be associated with obesity.
There are treatment options for this disease; however, we must first accept that there is a problem, especially in the African-American community. While some medications have been approved for treatment (orlistat and sirbutamine) and there are surgical options, which are reserved for extreme cases, proper diet and nutrition coupled with regular and consistent exercise and modification of behaviors associated with overeating is the mainstay of treatment.
“Patient X” has the same story each visit and despite being a regular and loyal client, taking charge of her life has taken a back burner to quick fixes for weight loss. She’s probably one of the nicest people I have ever met; however she seems to be in denial when it comes to her health and the hard cold facts. Her blood pressure was elevated at 130/85 (normal is 120/80 or less), her cholesterol and fasting blood sugar was also mildly elevated, and wrapped around her waist was an excess of fat that had increased by several inches over the last year creating a cute, but deadly “jiggle” as she walked. My patient, Patient X, has what we call the metabolic syndrome, which is a group of risk factors found in one person. The risk factors for the metabolic syndrome include an increased waist circumference, elevated cholesterol (specifically the triglycerides), a low HDL (the good cholesterol), elevated blood pressure (130/85 or greater), and an elevated fasting blood sugar (greater than 100 mg/dl). It is estimated that over 50 million Americans have the metabolic syndrome and one of the dominant underlying factors is abdominal obesity (excess fat around the stomach).
The disease obesity, which can be simply defined as excess in body fat, is not the same as being overweight. “A person who is overweight is running a definite health risk, but an obese person is loudly and insistently asking for trouble”, says Stacy Mitchell, M.D. co-author of Livin’ Large: African American Sisters Confront Obesity. Overweight and obesity are labels for ranges of weight that are greater that what is considered healthy for a given height. When discussing adults, the Body Mass Index or BMI determines overweight/obesity. In my practice, I consider the BMI a vital sign as it helps me to assess my patient’s risk for obesity and the diseases that come along with it. So by simply taking one’s height, weight, and waist circumference, not only can your doctor determine your BMI and risk for obesity, he/she can also gain some insight on your risk for heart disease, the number one killer of all Americans.
In the past 20 years there has been a significant increase in obesity in the United States and African American’s are under attack. Obesity does not discriminate as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that almost two-thirds of (64%) of all Americans are overweight; almost one-third are obese. Conservative estimates by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) show that 65% of African American women and 33% of African American men are overweight. Childhood obesity is on the rise and we are now seeing shocking increases in diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension in this previously active and healthy population. Overweight/obese individuals are at risk for developing many conditions including diabetes, heart disease, strokes, high blood pressure, arthritis, hypothyroidism, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, gall bladder problems, gout, cancer of the kidney, endometrium (lining of the uterus), breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, prostate and gall bladder; depression, anxiety, etc… Obesity is now considered the second most preventable cause of death in the United States, preceded only by smoking. Four hundred thousand deaths a year are estimated to be associated with obesity.
There are treatment options for this disease; however, we must first accept that there is a problem, especially in the African-American community. While some medications have been approved for treatment (orlistat and sirbutamine) and there are surgical options, which are reserved for extreme cases, proper diet and nutrition coupled with regular and consistent exercise and modification of behaviors associated with overeating is the mainstay of treatment.
She’s P.H.A.T (pretty, hot, and tempting), “big boned”, full figured, pleasing plump, or thick!
That can be a compliment to some ladies, but it could also mean she’s fat, obese, or overweight depending on the messenger. Remember, being overweight/obese is not an issue of aesthetics. “You can be overweight and still stop traffic”, says Teri Mitchell who also co-authored Livin’ Large. The reality is it’s still unhealthy. For more information on obesity visit http://www.cdc.gov/, pick up the book Livin’ Large by Teri and Stacy Mitchell. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published September 2007 at www/eurweb.com
Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Alcohol: Is it Good or Bad For You?
Despite what most people thing alcohol is the second most commonly abused legal drug in the United States after tobacco. There has been some debate over whether alcohol is good or bad for those who do drink. The difference between what’s “good versus bad” is in the amount and frequency that one drinks. To date, there has been no universally accepted standard drinking definition. Alcohol abuse is a major cause of preventable death in the United States. Heavy drinking can damage the liver and heart, cross the placenta and harm and unborn child, increase the chance of developing certain cancers, plays a role in depression and violence, and is a major cause of problems with relationships. The assumed benefits, if one drinks in moderation, include improving cholesterol, reducing one’s risk of heart disease, potentially protecting against type 2 diabetes and preventing gallstones.
But before we get all excited about the rum and cola you had last night, lets take a look at the numbers: 14 million Americans meet the criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism; alcohol plays a role in 1 in 4 cases of violent crime; more than 16,000 people die each year in automobile accidents in which alcohol was involved; alcohol abuse costs more than $180 billion dollars a year. Alcoholism cuts across gender, race, and nationality in the United States. 17.6 million people, about 1 in 12 adults, abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent. In general, more men than women abuse alcohol and problems are highest among young adults age 18-29 and lowest among adults ages 65 and older. There is research that shows that the risk for developing alcoholism runs in families; however, lifestyle plays a major role as well.
Ethanol, the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages can affect the body in many ways. It is classified as a sedative significantly impairs judgment the more you consume. Long-term users of ethanol are often defined as problem drinkers or alcoholics. Alcoholics are both physically and psychologically dependent on the drug, while problem drinkers are only psychologically dependent. Heavy and binge drinking overtime can cause inflammation of the liver called hepatitis and eventually lead to scarring of the liver called cirrhosis. Cardiomyopathy, an enlarged and poorly functioning heart, is also a major long-term side effect. Cancers that have been linked to alcohol abuse include those of the mouth, throat, esophagus, colon, and breast. Certain individuals should never drink and they include pregnant mothers, recovering alcoholics, those with diseases of the liver, and individuals taking medicines that interact with alcohol. As mentioned earlier, ethanol can cross the placenta and put an unborn child at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. These children are born with facial deformities, abnormal behavior, and mental retardation, just to name a few.
In most cases, alcoholics deny that they have a drinking problem. Signs and symptoms of alcoholism include binge drinking; drinking alone; nausea, sweating, shaking, and seizures if some one is coming off a binge drinking session; depressed mood, irritability, and legal problems. Unfortunately, there is no cure for alcoholism, but the good news is that it is treatable. Treatment programs use a combination of both counseling and medications to help people stop drinking. The bottom line is that if you don’t already drink, there is no reason to start. You can get similar if not better benefits for your heart by exercising and eating a healthy low fat diet. If you already drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Men should drink no more than two drinks a day and women no more than one. Women have less total body water than men, so therefore it takes less alcohol to have an effect on women. The principles of good health for the most part have not changed. A good diet, regular exercise, and seeing your doctor on a regular basis is the key to longevity. If you don’t already drink, don’t start. If you do, do so in moderation and remember to never drink and drive.
For more information on alcohol visit www.niaa.nih.gov. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published September 2007 at www.eurweb.com
But before we get all excited about the rum and cola you had last night, lets take a look at the numbers: 14 million Americans meet the criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism; alcohol plays a role in 1 in 4 cases of violent crime; more than 16,000 people die each year in automobile accidents in which alcohol was involved; alcohol abuse costs more than $180 billion dollars a year. Alcoholism cuts across gender, race, and nationality in the United States. 17.6 million people, about 1 in 12 adults, abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent. In general, more men than women abuse alcohol and problems are highest among young adults age 18-29 and lowest among adults ages 65 and older. There is research that shows that the risk for developing alcoholism runs in families; however, lifestyle plays a major role as well.
Ethanol, the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages can affect the body in many ways. It is classified as a sedative significantly impairs judgment the more you consume. Long-term users of ethanol are often defined as problem drinkers or alcoholics. Alcoholics are both physically and psychologically dependent on the drug, while problem drinkers are only psychologically dependent. Heavy and binge drinking overtime can cause inflammation of the liver called hepatitis and eventually lead to scarring of the liver called cirrhosis. Cardiomyopathy, an enlarged and poorly functioning heart, is also a major long-term side effect. Cancers that have been linked to alcohol abuse include those of the mouth, throat, esophagus, colon, and breast. Certain individuals should never drink and they include pregnant mothers, recovering alcoholics, those with diseases of the liver, and individuals taking medicines that interact with alcohol. As mentioned earlier, ethanol can cross the placenta and put an unborn child at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. These children are born with facial deformities, abnormal behavior, and mental retardation, just to name a few.
In most cases, alcoholics deny that they have a drinking problem. Signs and symptoms of alcoholism include binge drinking; drinking alone; nausea, sweating, shaking, and seizures if some one is coming off a binge drinking session; depressed mood, irritability, and legal problems. Unfortunately, there is no cure for alcoholism, but the good news is that it is treatable. Treatment programs use a combination of both counseling and medications to help people stop drinking. The bottom line is that if you don’t already drink, there is no reason to start. You can get similar if not better benefits for your heart by exercising and eating a healthy low fat diet. If you already drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Men should drink no more than two drinks a day and women no more than one. Women have less total body water than men, so therefore it takes less alcohol to have an effect on women. The principles of good health for the most part have not changed. A good diet, regular exercise, and seeing your doctor on a regular basis is the key to longevity. If you don’t already drink, don’t start. If you do, do so in moderation and remember to never drink and drive.
For more information on alcohol visit www.niaa.nih.gov. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published September 2007 at www.eurweb.com
Monday, September 17, 2007
Drugs of Abuse Steroids:Fact or Fiction
By the time you read this article, Barry Bonds may have already broken the home run record. On July 20, 1976 Hank Aaron hit the last and final homerun of his very successful, yet tumultuous career in the Major Leagues. Much like his predecessors, Satchel Paige, Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, and many others African American players during that era, he played the game under extreme racism, scrutiny, and ridicule because he was African American and because he seized the home run record of America’s white hero, Babe Ruth. So we should be applauding the efforts of the African American Barry Bonds, right? He has great hand-eye coordination, he is the winner of eight Gold Glove Awards, he was the Most Outstanding Player in Baseball in 1993, and he holds the record for the most home runs in a single season- 73! Something, however, “just ain’t right”, and the accusations of his use of anabolic androgenic steroid (steroids or AAS) to help achieve these goals have not only tarnished his image, but the image of successful African American athletes.
Performance enhancing drugs like steroids are not new to the arena of sports. They date back to the early Olympic Game’s, which started in Greece and has now evolved into a multimillion-dollar industry due to marketing and advertising. As early as 1969, journalist Bill Gilbert was quoted in Sports Illustrated as saying, “The pill, capsule, vial, and needle have become fixtures of the locker room as athletes increasingly turn to drugs in the hope of improving performance.” The desire to win and to gain the edge over one’s opponent is innate. Who could argue with a young man or woman whose business contract becomes more lucrative if he/she can out run or out bench press more than his/her competition? The facts, however, still remain: steroids are illegal and are associated with short and long term side effects, some of which are very damaging to the body. The question I am often asked is why do athletes use steroids.
Anabolic (tissue or muscle building) androgenic (the development of masculine characteristics) steroids or AAS are the man made or synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone, a hormone found in men and in women in much smaller amounts, is responsible for the development of males during puberty. The original purpose for the use of steroids by physicians included: replacement of the hormone in men born with low levels; treating individuals who suffered injuries during war; treating those who are malnourished, such as HIV and cancer patients. There are also veterinarian uses for these drugs to treat certain medical problems in cows and horses. When used properly, these medicines can be very successful in treating illnesses and definitely have a place in the medical arena.
Unfortunately, there is a phrase used by some professional athletes: “If you are not using steroids, then you are not trying hard enough!” The quest for supremacy at the expense of one’s health has taken over and the all-mighty dollar is more important than longevity and loved ones. Steroids have been used and proven to build strength and endurance in competitive athletes for decades. Weight gain, weight loss, increased speed, increased strength, and physical appearances are all reasons for the use of these illegal concoctions. Steroids have become much more complex as proven by the “designer” steroids, some of which are undetectable with the latest technology in urine, blood, or hair samples. Steroids are administered in many ways including pills, needles, patches, or creams. Once in the system they are soaked up my muscle cells from the blood stream. Once inside the muscle cells they promote the production of protein, which stimulates muscle growth. Athletes often take doses two to three times the normal amount of steroids required on weekly basis. They mix or stack different types of steroids to achieve various effects: more muscle mass, decreased weight, leaner appearance, etc…. None of these “protocols” used by the athlete have been tested on humans and at best are experimental.
Side effects of steroid use/abuse include high blood pressure, strokes, elevated cholesterol, nausea, sleep disturbances, acne, increased aggressiveness, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression. Women can experience reduced breast size, increased body and facial hair, a deeper voice, and menstrual problems. In men, reduced sperm count; impotence, breast growth, and decreased testicular size have all been documented. Some of these are irreversible and require surgical treatment.
It still amazes me, however, that I get request frequently for these drugs to improve performance. To win at any and all cost is the main reason. A poll taken in 1995 of 198 sprinters, swimmers, power lifters, and other Olympians and aspiring Olympians asked if the athletes would take a performance-enhancing substance if they knew it would help them win there event and they would not be caught- 195 out of 198 said yes. The poll went further to ask if under the same conditions they would take the substance knowing that in five years they may die- 80% still said yes!
Educating our youth on proper nutrition, exercise, and the consequences of steroid use/abuse is the key. Commitment to the sport on all levels is the only way to be successful. Steroids are illegal, potentially harmful, and are viewed as cheating. Is Barry Bonds guilty; unfortunately many believe that he is, despite being one of the most talented individuals to ever play the game of baseball and one of my personal favorites. My advice to him is to never take or rub something on his body without doing a little research. I surely will celebrate the day he breaks the record, but for some, his success will always be in question.
For more information on steroids visit (www.nida.nih.gov) or visit my website (www.h2doc.com), view the Steroid Man, and shoot me a question at DrRani@h2doc.com. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published September 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
Performance enhancing drugs like steroids are not new to the arena of sports. They date back to the early Olympic Game’s, which started in Greece and has now evolved into a multimillion-dollar industry due to marketing and advertising. As early as 1969, journalist Bill Gilbert was quoted in Sports Illustrated as saying, “The pill, capsule, vial, and needle have become fixtures of the locker room as athletes increasingly turn to drugs in the hope of improving performance.” The desire to win and to gain the edge over one’s opponent is innate. Who could argue with a young man or woman whose business contract becomes more lucrative if he/she can out run or out bench press more than his/her competition? The facts, however, still remain: steroids are illegal and are associated with short and long term side effects, some of which are very damaging to the body. The question I am often asked is why do athletes use steroids.
Anabolic (tissue or muscle building) androgenic (the development of masculine characteristics) steroids or AAS are the man made or synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone, a hormone found in men and in women in much smaller amounts, is responsible for the development of males during puberty. The original purpose for the use of steroids by physicians included: replacement of the hormone in men born with low levels; treating individuals who suffered injuries during war; treating those who are malnourished, such as HIV and cancer patients. There are also veterinarian uses for these drugs to treat certain medical problems in cows and horses. When used properly, these medicines can be very successful in treating illnesses and definitely have a place in the medical arena.
Unfortunately, there is a phrase used by some professional athletes: “If you are not using steroids, then you are not trying hard enough!” The quest for supremacy at the expense of one’s health has taken over and the all-mighty dollar is more important than longevity and loved ones. Steroids have been used and proven to build strength and endurance in competitive athletes for decades. Weight gain, weight loss, increased speed, increased strength, and physical appearances are all reasons for the use of these illegal concoctions. Steroids have become much more complex as proven by the “designer” steroids, some of which are undetectable with the latest technology in urine, blood, or hair samples. Steroids are administered in many ways including pills, needles, patches, or creams. Once in the system they are soaked up my muscle cells from the blood stream. Once inside the muscle cells they promote the production of protein, which stimulates muscle growth. Athletes often take doses two to three times the normal amount of steroids required on weekly basis. They mix or stack different types of steroids to achieve various effects: more muscle mass, decreased weight, leaner appearance, etc…. None of these “protocols” used by the athlete have been tested on humans and at best are experimental.
Side effects of steroid use/abuse include high blood pressure, strokes, elevated cholesterol, nausea, sleep disturbances, acne, increased aggressiveness, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression. Women can experience reduced breast size, increased body and facial hair, a deeper voice, and menstrual problems. In men, reduced sperm count; impotence, breast growth, and decreased testicular size have all been documented. Some of these are irreversible and require surgical treatment.
It still amazes me, however, that I get request frequently for these drugs to improve performance. To win at any and all cost is the main reason. A poll taken in 1995 of 198 sprinters, swimmers, power lifters, and other Olympians and aspiring Olympians asked if the athletes would take a performance-enhancing substance if they knew it would help them win there event and they would not be caught- 195 out of 198 said yes. The poll went further to ask if under the same conditions they would take the substance knowing that in five years they may die- 80% still said yes!
Educating our youth on proper nutrition, exercise, and the consequences of steroid use/abuse is the key. Commitment to the sport on all levels is the only way to be successful. Steroids are illegal, potentially harmful, and are viewed as cheating. Is Barry Bonds guilty; unfortunately many believe that he is, despite being one of the most talented individuals to ever play the game of baseball and one of my personal favorites. My advice to him is to never take or rub something on his body without doing a little research. I surely will celebrate the day he breaks the record, but for some, his success will always be in question.
For more information on steroids visit (www.nida.nih.gov) or visit my website (www.h2doc.com), view the Steroid Man, and shoot me a question at DrRani@h2doc.com. (c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published September 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
Sunday, August 26, 2007
Breast Cancer and Robin Roberts
When “Good Morning America” anchor Robin Roberts announced she had been diagnosed with breast cancer, I had mixed emotions. On one hand, I hated the fact that she had to deal with this dreaded disease; but on the other hand, who better than Robin Roberts to speak out about and educate our community on the most common cancer found in women today? In October of 1985 the first National Breast Cancer Awareness Month program (NBCAM) took place. This week-long event, sponsored by the two founding members, the American Academy of Family Physicians and Cancer Care Inc., used media and brochures before a U.S. Congressional committee to spread the word about the need for access to mammography and the importance of early detection and treatment of breast cancer. A valiant effort this was, but the personal testimonies and survivors of the disease is what gives us hope and I applaud Ms. Roberts for her courage.
So what is breast cancer? In the breast there are living cells. Everyday these cells divide, grow and die. Sometimes these cells grow out of control and can form a lump or a mass in the breast called tumors. Breast tumors, in general, are classified as benign or malignant/cancerous. Benign tumors pose little health risk once removed and they are not cancer causing. Malignant tumors are abnormal cells that if undetected can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Approximately 212,000 new cases of breast cancer are expected to occur among women in the United States during 2007. Approximately 1700 men, yes that’s right MEN, will be diagnosed and roughly 460 will die from breast cancer in 2007. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in African American women and the second leading cause of death among African American women, exceeded only by lung cancer. Unfortunately, African American women have higher breast cancer death rates than women of any other racial or ethnic population.
Those at risk for breast cancer include: females, women of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage (ancestors from Central or Eastern Europe), African American Women, those who are getting older, individuals with a family history of breast cancer, having a previous personal history of breast cancer, first period before age 12, late menopause (after age 55), a woman that has never had children or has her first child after age 30, women who are obese, those who don’t exercise, those of high socioeconomic status, drinking alcohol and those who do no breast-feed.
The symptoms of breast cancer can be vague, but include a lump or hard painless knot in the breast; swelling, warmth, redness or darkening of the breast; change in breast size or shape; dimpling or puckering of the skin of the breast; itchy, scaly, sore or rash on the nipple; bloody nipple discharge; a nipple that retracts. If you have any of these signs or symptoms you should see your doctor right away. Remember, if detected early breast cancer can be treated.
There are two different stages of testing for breast cancer: screening and diagnostic. Screening test, like the mammograms look for signs of disease in women without symptoms. Mammograms should be done at least once between the ages of 35-40 in women without risk factors and annually after age 40. For women with increased risk factors or a previous history of breast cancer, mammography is done more frequently. Diagnostic test, such as MRI’s, bone scans, ultrasounds, biopsies and blood test are done once breast cancer is suspected or diagnosed. In depth treatment options are beyond the scope of this article, but do include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and or surgery. Treatment options are determined by the type and stage of breast cancer.
So join Robin Roberts and others in the fight against breast cancer. For more information on breast cancer visit these sites: The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (http://www.komen.org/) 800 I’m AWARE; National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/) 800 4 CANCER; American Cancer Society (http://www.cancer.org/) 800 ACS 2345. You can also visit my web site (www.h2doc.com) and shoot me a question at drrani@h2doc.com.
Oh, and by the way, here are a few people you may have heard of that have been affected by breast cancer:
Richard Roundtree (Actor-Shaft, yeah I’m talking bout Shaft, shut yo’ mouth)
Anastacia (Singer)
Diahann Carroll (Actress)
Ruby Dee (Actress)
Nikki Giovanni (Professor and poet)
Cecilia De La Hoya (Mother of boxer Oscar De La Hoya)
Shirley Graham Dubois (Author, playwright, composer, activist and wife of W.E.B. Dubois)
Robin Roberts (Anchor Woman for Good Morning America)
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published August 26 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
So what is breast cancer? In the breast there are living cells. Everyday these cells divide, grow and die. Sometimes these cells grow out of control and can form a lump or a mass in the breast called tumors. Breast tumors, in general, are classified as benign or malignant/cancerous. Benign tumors pose little health risk once removed and they are not cancer causing. Malignant tumors are abnormal cells that if undetected can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Approximately 212,000 new cases of breast cancer are expected to occur among women in the United States during 2007. Approximately 1700 men, yes that’s right MEN, will be diagnosed and roughly 460 will die from breast cancer in 2007. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in African American women and the second leading cause of death among African American women, exceeded only by lung cancer. Unfortunately, African American women have higher breast cancer death rates than women of any other racial or ethnic population.
Those at risk for breast cancer include: females, women of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage (ancestors from Central or Eastern Europe), African American Women, those who are getting older, individuals with a family history of breast cancer, having a previous personal history of breast cancer, first period before age 12, late menopause (after age 55), a woman that has never had children or has her first child after age 30, women who are obese, those who don’t exercise, those of high socioeconomic status, drinking alcohol and those who do no breast-feed.
The symptoms of breast cancer can be vague, but include a lump or hard painless knot in the breast; swelling, warmth, redness or darkening of the breast; change in breast size or shape; dimpling or puckering of the skin of the breast; itchy, scaly, sore or rash on the nipple; bloody nipple discharge; a nipple that retracts. If you have any of these signs or symptoms you should see your doctor right away. Remember, if detected early breast cancer can be treated.
There are two different stages of testing for breast cancer: screening and diagnostic. Screening test, like the mammograms look for signs of disease in women without symptoms. Mammograms should be done at least once between the ages of 35-40 in women without risk factors and annually after age 40. For women with increased risk factors or a previous history of breast cancer, mammography is done more frequently. Diagnostic test, such as MRI’s, bone scans, ultrasounds, biopsies and blood test are done once breast cancer is suspected or diagnosed. In depth treatment options are beyond the scope of this article, but do include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and or surgery. Treatment options are determined by the type and stage of breast cancer.
So join Robin Roberts and others in the fight against breast cancer. For more information on breast cancer visit these sites: The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (http://www.komen.org/) 800 I’m AWARE; National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/) 800 4 CANCER; American Cancer Society (http://www.cancer.org/) 800 ACS 2345. You can also visit my web site (www.h2doc.com) and shoot me a question at drrani@h2doc.com.
Oh, and by the way, here are a few people you may have heard of that have been affected by breast cancer:
Richard Roundtree (Actor-Shaft, yeah I’m talking bout Shaft, shut yo’ mouth)
Anastacia (Singer)
Diahann Carroll (Actress)
Ruby Dee (Actress)
Nikki Giovanni (Professor and poet)
Cecilia De La Hoya (Mother of boxer Oscar De La Hoya)
Shirley Graham Dubois (Author, playwright, composer, activist and wife of W.E.B. Dubois)
Robin Roberts (Anchor Woman for Good Morning America)
(c) 2007 Rani Whitfield. This article was published August 26 2007 at http://www.eurweb.com/
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